Prevention of polio1. Control the source of infection: detect and isolate patients early. Patients and suspected patients should be isolated in time and report the epidemic. For patients diagnosed, they were isolated for 40 days from the date of onset. Medical observation of the close contacts for 20 days.
2, cut off the route of transmission: the patient's respiratory secretions, feces and their pollutants should be thoroughly disinfected. Due to the large number of latent infections and innocent patients, the virus can be transmitted.
3, protection of susceptible children:
(1) Passive immunization: Children with close contact history should be intramuscularly injected with 10% gamma globulin 03-0.5 ml/kg in time, and repeated injections the next day. The immune effect can be maintained for 3-6 weeks.
(2) Active immunization: oral polio attenuated live vaccine for susceptible individuals is a key measure for prevention.
At present, most live attenuated vaccines are used. There are two kinds of live attenuated vaccines: one is a type 3 monovalent sugar pill, and the other is a mixed multivalent sugar pill. Both vaccines are convenient for oral administration, long-lasting immunity, and can induce local intestinal immune responses. Because there is no cross-immunity reaction between the various types, the trivalent mixed vaccine has been used.
4. Isolation of patients: at least 40 days from the date of onset. The first week should emphasize the isolation of the respiratory tract and the intestine. The excretion should be blocked and disinfected with 20% bleaching powder. The utensils should be immersed in 0.1% bleaching powder clarification solution or boiled for disinfection, or exposed to sunlight for two days. The ground is disinfected with lime water. Soak your hands in 0.1% bleaching solution or disinfect with 0.1% peracetic acid. For those who are in close contact, you should observe for 20 days.
5, do a good job of daily health: often do a good job of environmental sanitation, eliminate flies, cultivate health habits, etc. are very important. During the epidemic, children should be less likely to go to crowded places to avoid excessive fatigue and cold, delaying various preventive injections and unneeded surgery, so as not to cause the frustration infection to become a sputum type.
Polio vaccine
[Introduction] We may have heard about "polio" and "sugar pill", and it may not be known. What is the disease of "polio"? Why do you want to give your baby a polio vaccine again and again? Polio is an acute intestinal infection caused by poliovirus and is called "a big killer threatening children's life and health." In severe cases, it can lead to permanent disability, and vaccination against polio is the only effective prevention method.
Types of polio vaccine
The polio vaccine is a vaccine for preventing polio. At present, there are two kinds of vaccines for preventing polio: Shaq vaccine and Sabin vaccine. Sabin vaccination is adopted in China. However, due to this incident, the outside world began to question the polio vaccination policy. Is the Sabin vaccine really? Nothing wrong? Why not use Shaq vaccination in China? To solve these doubts, we must first understand the advantages and disadvantages of Shaq and Shabin.
Shake vaccine
The biggest advantage of the Shake vaccine is safety, because it is a dead virus, does not cause infection, and does not cause sequelae of poliomyelitis. It can be used by adults, pregnant women, or people with immune disorders. It is almost completely unused. It is contraindicated, but its shortcoming is that it must use the injection method, the cost is high, and it has to be injected more than three times to have the effect of prevention. If it is to be immunized for a long time, it must be added frequently. The pharmaceutical factory thinks that there is no market in Taiwan, and the general hospital clinics Not available, so parents can't buy even if they have money.
Sabin vaccine
The advantage of Sabin vaccine is that it is taken orally, convenient to use, good in prevention and long-lasting. It will produce antibodies to localize the pharyngeal and intestinal tubes and prevent the reproduction of wild strain virus. What is even more amazing is that it can be used by the droppings of young children after vaccination. Spread to unvaccinated people to get the effect of indirect vaccination. However, it is made from the active attenuated polio virus, so there is a risk of vaccine-causing disease, and pregnant women, impaired immunity, high fever, corticosteroids or anticancer drugs cannot accept this. Vaccination
When can't the baby use the oral vaccine?
When there is a high fever, it is not appropriate to use an oral vaccine, and it must be taken after the fever has subsided.
If the immune function is impaired or the natural immune function is low, it is not appropriate to use an oral vaccine to avoid counteraction.
If drug therapy for immunization is being carried out, oral vaccines cannot be used.
Is it safe for your baby to take polio vaccine?
In the prevention of polio, the polio vaccine currently widely used in China is a sugar pill. Its advantage is that it is cheap and easy to use. The baby is served once in the second, third and fourth months of age. After that, when you reach the age of four, you can add it once, which is very convenient and simple.
Children who are inoculated with sugar pills may have adverse reactions such as fever, headache, diarrhea, occasional rash, usually recover after 2 to 3 days. A very small number of serious adverse reactions occur as vaccine-related numbness. The reason why polio may be caused is mainly because the virus in the vaccine is only reduced in virulence, but it is still alive. Very few children with low immune function can cause polio-related cases due to the vaccine. According to statistics, there will be one vaccine-induced polio every 2 million people.
Another adverse reaction caused by sugar pills was discovered in recent years, namely the threat posed by vaccine-derived viruses. After taking sugar pills, children with low immune function may not only cause polio, but the virus will be excreted with the child's feces for a long time. As a result, other people who have not taken the vaccine will be infected, and these viruses will undergo genetic mutations to form gray matter. Inflammatory vaccine-derived viruses can also cause lifelong disability after infection, and can spread from person to person and even cause a pandemic. As long as the use of sugar pills continues, the risk of a pandemic caused by vaccine-derived viruses will always exist.
The safety problems caused by sugar pills in polio-related cases and derived viruses have attracted the attention of scientists. In recent years, many developed countries have begun to use inactivated vaccines to prevent poliomyelitis.
However, the use of inactivated vaccines still requires a process. In the process of switching to the use of sugar pills, the use of sugar pills will not be stopped. Because the early withdrawal of sugar pills will increase the risk of polio vaccine-derived viruses, the inactivated virus must be used first. The vaccine gradually replaces the sugar pill, and when the use rate of the inactivated vaccine exceeds 85%, the sugar pill can be started.
What to pay attention to when taking polio
1. To overcome the mistake of thinking that a sugar pill can't prevent serious illness, we must take it seriously and must not be numb.
2, when taking sugar pills, must be dissolved in cold water and sent to serve. The vaccine is a live virus product. If it is delivered by hot water, the live vaccine will lose its activity due to excessive temperature, and it will be ineffective after taking it, that is, no antibody will be produced in the child.
3, the time to take the sugar pill is 2, 3, 4 months after birth, once every one month interval, should take the initiative to go to the primary hospital or health institutions. Each time you add 1 year and a half to 2 years old.
4. If you can't take it at any time for special reasons, be sure to put the sugar pill in the refrigerator. Sugar pellets can only be stored for 12 days at 20-22 ° C and for 5 months at 2-10 ° C.
5, do not take it within 2 hours after breastfeeding. The sugar pellets are inactivated by the presence of antibodies in the breast milk that may be resistant to the virus. It should be taken on an empty stomach half an hour or one hour before breastfeeding.
6. If there is vomiting after more than half an hour, there is no need to supplement one dose. Some countries use the injected Shak vaccine, and if necessary, the two vaccines can be mixed and inoculated, and there will be no effective problems. The response after oral vaccination is that one of about three to nine million people has paralysis within 28 days after vaccination.
7. According to general experience, if you have not received polio and have not been vaccinated when you are over 18 years old, the risk of poliomyelitis caused by oral vaccine is higher than that of natural infection, so it is not Oral vaccines can be used.
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